The debate about whether digital innovations are material to the energy industry is now well and truly over. Capital markets increasingly demand meaningful action on energy transition, and the pandemic has forced the oil and gas industry to invent new ways of working with lightening speed. A small set of key technologies, such as the internet of things, machine learning, and cloud computing, are finding critical favor, and as they evolve, old ideas about the industry and habitual ways to carry out business are falling away. New business models are emerging with unanticipated consequences.